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1.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-134558

ABSTRACT

The Poison Control Centre (PCC) at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kerala, was established in June 2003, but became fully operational from January 2005. There are only four PCCs in India recognized by the World Health Organization, of which this is one. A five-year (2005 to 2009) review of biological samples analyzed for chemicals, drugs and toxins by the analytical laboratory attached to the PCC is presented to give an indication of the commonest types of poisoning encountered in this region of India, aside from venomous bites and stings. Such data are not adequately available so far, which is also true for other parts of the country. Results of the survey show that there has been a steady rise in the receipt of samples over the entire period from 432 in 2005 to 601 in 2009. Among the samples analyzed, the commonest toxicants are pesticides, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals and alcohols. Of the pesticides, organophosphates accounted for the maximum number, while most of the remaining comprised zinc phosphide, carbamates, pyrethroids, paraquat, phosphorus, and bromadiolone. Aluminium phosphide, which is a common pesticide in some other regions, was virtually non-existent, while zinc phosphide, a rodenticide, is the second highest in incidence. Of the pharmaceuticals, the largest number comprised sedativehypnotics, while antipyretic drugs, especially paracetamol, accounted for a most of the remaining. Of the metals, the commonest was lead, followed by arsenic, mercury, iron, etc. Requests for copper testing were common, but mostly pertained to Wilson‟s disease, and not toxicity. Among the alcohols, ethanol was the commonest. Even though Kerala is rich in flora, plant toxins were low in incidence, because of the difficulty in testing for such toxins, as compared to chemicals. Bites and stings were not included in this study. Therapeutic monitoring of drugs, which accounts for a large number of samples received by the laboratory was also not part of the survey.


Subject(s)
Alcohols/toxicity , Humans , India , Metals, Heavy/toxicity , Pesticides/toxicity , Pharmaceutical Preparations/toxicity , Poison Control Centers/methods , Poison Control Centers/organization & administration , Poison Control Centers/statistics & numerical data , Toxicology/methods
2.
Rev. bras. toxicol ; 20(1/2): 39-45, dez. 2007. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500264

ABSTRACT

Describe the human intoxications notified to the CEATOX-79 at Marilia-S.P. in 2004. Methodology: This is a descriptive and retrospective study in 872 notification sheets focused on human victims. There is no seasonality in the notifications. We can highlight greater percentage of intoxication in 0-9 and from 20-29 years old, since intoxications of children with 1-4 years represents 20 per cent of all ages. CEATOX-79 is responsible for all health administrative region, and receives notifications from other States. The majority of cases occur in urban zone and inside homes. The main exposition ways are: oral and bite/ minced, and the main exposition type is unique and acute. There is a significant incidence of accidental circumstances and suicide attempt. The most frequent toxic agent categories are medicaments, pesticides and bleach. These intoxications characteristics highlight the importance of educational and prevention actions related to storing and manipulation of substances that represents toxic risk.


Caracterizar as intoxicações humanas notificadas ao CEATOX-79, em Marília - SP, em 2004. É um estudo descritivo retrospectivo de 872 fichas de notificação com um enfoque em vítimas humanas. Não há sazonalidade nas ocorrências. Destaca-se a maior percentagem de intoxicação nas faixas etárias de 0-9 e de 20-29 anos, sendo que a faixa de 1-4 representa 20 por cento de todas as intoxicações. A atuação do CEATOX-79 abrange toda a regional de saúde, havendo inclusive notificações de outros Estados. A maioria dos casos ocorre na zona urbana e nas residências. As principais vias de exposição são: oral e mordedura/ picada sendo predominante o tipo de exposição aguda única. Há uma incidência significativa das circunstâncias acidental e tentativa de suicídio. As categorias de agentes tóxicos mais freqüentes são medicamentos, agrotóxico e domissanitários. As características dessas intoxicações ressaltam a importância de medidas educativas quanto ao armazenamento e manipulação de substâncias que apresentem um risco tóxico.


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Poison Control Centers/organization & administration , Poisoning/epidemiology , Poisoning/prevention & control
3.
Indian J Pediatr ; 1997 Jul-Aug; 64(4): 443-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-82134

ABSTRACT

The Poisons Information Centre (PIC) is a specialized unit providing information on prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of poisoning and hazard management. Most of the developed and many developing countries have well established poison control centres with poisons information service, patient management facility and analytical laboratory. In India, the National Poisons Information Centre (NPIC) was established in February, 1995 in the Department of Pharmacology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. The centre provides toxicological information and advice on the management of poisoned patients adopted to the level of the enquirer. The basis of this service are the databases on poisoning, drug reactions and also the continuous and systematic collection of data from the library. This information service is available round the clock. The PIC has the training responsibility extending to medical and other health professionals and community. The NPIC organized two successive training courses for medical professionals and para professionals at all health levels. Further, NPIC is a participant of INTOX project of IPCS/WHO, receiving regular yearly training on the use of INTOX database. Laboratory service is an essential component of a poisons control programme, providing analytical services on emergency basis to help in diagnosis and management. The NPIC is developing facilities for quick diagnosis of poisoning cases. Toxicovigilance and prevention of poisoning is another major function of PIC. The Centre has prepared manuals and leaflets on prevention and management cards on treatment of various poisonings. Thus the Centre provides a service with considerable health benefits, reducing morbidity and mortality from poisoning and gives significant financial savings to the community.


Subject(s)
Child , Databases, Factual , Environmental Monitoring , Health Personnel/education , Hotlines , Humans , India , Poison Control Centers/organization & administration , Poisoning/diagnosis , Research
4.
Managua; Ministerio de Salud/Organización Panamericana de la Salud; jun. 1996. [30] p.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-178533

ABSTRACT

Documento que presenta la propuesta de las Bases legales que sustente el uso y manejo de las sustancias tóxicas, las que han reflejado una alta incidencia de intoxicaciones agudas con efectos crónicos en cierto sector de la población nicaragüense. El establecimmiento de éstas, estan estrechamente vinculadas a la decisión de las autoridades de Salud de considerar el problema de los plaguicidas como un problema de salud pública, ha permitido desarrollar un Programa de plaguicidas que ha reforzado la red de vigilancia epidemiológica para prevenir y detectar oportunamente los casos y brotes de contaminación aguda por medio de plaguicidas


Subject(s)
Humans , Focus Groups , Pesticide Industry , Pesticide Residues/isolation & purification , Pesticide Utilization/administration & dosage , Pesticides/adverse effects , Poison Control Centers/organization & administration , Registries/standards , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
5.
Managua; MINSA/OPS/OMS/PLAGSALUD; ene. 1996. 27 p.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-446209

ABSTRACT

Presenta Proyecto del Centro Nacional de Toxicología a junio 1996 y la propuestas para la implementación del Centro Nacional de Toxicología en Nicaragua. El proyecto se realiza por la enorme cantidad de productos disponibles por el ser humano, a los pocos conocimientos en toxicología que poseen los profesionales del área de salud, así como la necesidad de centralizar la información toxicológica disponible. El fin principal del proyecto es que en Nicaragua exista un Centro Nacional de Toxicología que coordine actividades asistenciales, preventivas, informativas, de capacitación y de investigación, además que permita coordinar con organismos nacionales e internacionales en diversas áreas de la toxicología para el control de los productos cuya utilización ofrezcan algún riesgo para la salud y el ambiente.


Subject(s)
Poison Control Centers/history , Poison Control Centers/organization & administration , Poison Control Centers , Poison Control Centers , Hospitals , Mentoring
7.
Salvador; s.n; mar. 1990. 93 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-126309

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo busca investigar como os residentes de Lamaräo do Passé avaliam as alteraçöes ocorridas no ambiente e no seu modo de vida, em decorrência da implantaçäo e funcionamento de uma metalurgia de cobre nas proximidades. Säo também analisadas as inter-relaçöes dessa avaliaçäo com o conjunto mais amplo da sociedade, especificamente das açöes e intervençöes do governo estadual através do Orgäo fiscalizador e controlador do ambiente, bem como das circunstâncias que levaram à instalaçäo da indústria naquela área. Foram realizadas entrevistas com residentes na área representados por 47 domicílios, retirados por uma amostragem aleatória. Para tal utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevistas com questöes abertas que abordavam seis grandes temas: características biológicas e sócio-econômicas, alteraçöes percebidas no ambiente no período 1982/1989, alteraçöes percebidas na saúde do grupo domiciliar, alteraçöes na dinâmica econômica local, visäo de mundo da populaçäo e como é percebida a açäo do Estado e as dificuldades sentidas no atendimento das necessidades básicas e das demandas sociais. As conclusöes desta investigaçäo indicaram um processo de degradaçäo ambiental em curso, principalmente nos aspectos bióticos, com reflexos nos aspectos socio-econômico e culturais. Os beneficios sociais diretos e indiretos decorrentes da implantaçäo da indústria foram pouco significativos para os habitantes daquela localidade. A populaçäo encontra-se pauperizada: arcando com os efeitos da industrializaçäo, como poluiçäo e a degradaçäo ambiental e a social originária e imposta pela estrutura sócio-econômico-política


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Poison Control Centers/organization & administration , Copper/toxicity , Environmental Policy , Metallurgy/economics , Environmental Pollution/adverse effects , Brazil , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Environment , Industrial Zones
8.
Rev. saúde pública ; 19(6): 556-65, dez. 1985.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-27535

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se contribuir para uma melhor compreensäo da importância dos Centros de Controle de Intoxicaçöes (ou Centros Anti-Veneno), através do relato de sua concepçäo e organizaçäo. Ressaltou-se a necessidade destes centros atuarem integrados a instituiçöes, a entidade privadas e à comunidade, e a importância dos setores de epidemilogia e prevençäo, de análises toxicológicas e de pesquisa científica nestes centros. Enfatizou-se a necessidade de sua intervençäo na área de promoçäo e proteçäo à saúde mental e de capacitaçäo profissional. Foram sugeridas algumas providências que concorreräo para maior esclarecimento e, consequentemente, para a diminuiçäo da incidência de intoxicaçöes, revertendo em economia de recursos financeiros que säo necessários ao atendimento integral de pacientes intoxicados


Subject(s)
Poison Control Centers/organization & administration , Poison Control Centers/history
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